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Practice

WHERE vs HAVING

In this lesson, you’ll explore the difference between WHERE and HAVING.

Both clauses are used to filter data, but they work at different stages of a SQL query.


WHERE: Filter Rows Before Aggregation​

The WHERE clause filters individual rows before any aggregation or grouping happens.

Filter before grouping
SELECT client_name, region, order_total
FROM client_orders
WHERE region = 'USA';

This query returns all orders placed by clients in the USA.


HAVING: Filter After Grouping​

The HAVING clause filters groups after aggregation and is typically used with GROUP BY.

Filter groups after aggregation
SELECT region, AVG(order_total) AS avg_order
FROM client_orders
GROUP BY region
HAVING AVG(order_total) > 200;

This query returns regions where the average order total exceeds 200.


Summary: When to Use Each​

ClauseFilters...Works With Aggregates?
WHEREIndividual rows❌ Not used with aggregates
HAVINGGroups after aggregation✅ Yes
  • Use WHERE for raw row-level filters.
  • Use HAVING when filtering aggregated results.

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